The Ultimate Guide to Shih Tzus: A Royal Companion

The Shih Tzu is a small dog breed with a long, flowing coat and distinctive facial features. These dogs were once favored by Chinese royalty and are now loved worldwide for their affectionate and friendly nature. Their name means "lion dog" in Mandarin, and they have long been associated with Buddhist temples, where lion-like figures were considered protectors.

Shih Tzus are perfect for apartment living due to their size and relatively low exercise needs. Despite their royal origins, Shih Tzus are playful, friendly, and loyal, making them wonderful family pets. These dogs make excellent companions. However, owning a Shih Tzu involves understanding their unique needs for grooming, health care, exercise, and training. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll dive into the world of Shih Tzus, exploring their history, characteristics, grooming, feeding, exercise, training, health care, and answering common FAQs about this beloved breed.

History of the Shih Tzu: From Ancient China to Modern Homes

Shih Tzus have a rich and fascinating history that spans centuries. While the breed is closely associated with China, it is believed that the breed originated in Tibet, where Tibetan monks bred these small dogs as companions. They were often gifted to Chinese royalty, where their bloodlines were refined by crossing them with Pekingese and Pugs to create the modern Shih Tzu.

Imperial Companions

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Shih Tzus were cherished by emperors and their families. These little dogs were pampered and treated like royalty themselves, often appearing in paintings and tapestries alongside members of the imperial family. After the fall of the Chinese monarchy, the breed almost became extinct. However, a few dogs were smuggled out of China and brought to Europe, where breeders helped preserve the breed.

By the mid-20th century, Shih Tzus had gained popularity in the West and are now one of the most beloved toy breeds around the world.

Shih Tzu Characteristics: Appearance and Physical Traits

Shih Tzus are small, sturdy dogs with a regal appearance. Their long, flowing coats and expressive faces make them one of the most distinctive-looking dog breeds.

Size and Weight

Shih Tzus are categorized as a toy breed due to their small size:

Height: 9 to 10.5 inches at the shoulder.
Weight: 9 to 16 pounds.

Their compact size and sturdy build make them excellent companions for both city and suburban living.

Coat and Colors

Shih Tzus have a luxurious double coat that requires regular grooming.

Coat Type: Thick and long, their coats are often described as flowing and elegant.
Colors: They come in a variety of colors, including black, white, gold, brindle, and combinations of these. Some Shih Tzus have solid colors, while others feature interesting patterns and markings.

Facial Features

The Shih Tzu's face is often described as chrysanthemum-like due to the way their hair grows outward from the center of the face. Their large, dark eyes and short snouts give them a sweet, endearing expression.

Cost

The cost of a Shih Tzu puppy can vary based on location, breeder reputation, and pedigree. On average:

Pet-quality Shih Tzus: $500 to $1,500.
Show-quality Shih Tzus: $2,000 to $3,000 or more.

Shih Tzu Temperament: A Friendly and Loyal Companion

Shih Tzus are known for their friendly and affectionate temperament. They are social, outgoing dogs that form strong bonds with their owners. Their easygoing nature makes them excellent pets for families, singles, and seniors alike.

Temperament Traits:

Affectionate: Shih Tzus are very loving and thrive on human companionship. They love to cuddle and are often found snuggled up on their owner's lap.
Playful: Though small, Shih Tzus enjoy playtime and are always up for a game of fetch or tug-of-war.
Good with Kids: Shih Tzus tend to get along well with children. Their patient and friendly demeanor makes them great companions for families with young kids.
Alert: Despite their small size, Shih Tzus can be quite alert and are known to bark at unfamiliar sounds, making them effective little watchdogs.

Exercise and Training for Shih Tzus

Exercise Needs

Shih Tzus have relatively low exercise needs compared to more active breeds, but they still require daily walks and playtime to stay healthy and happy.

Daily Walks: A couple of short walks (15-20 minutes each) a day are sufficient for a Shih Tzu.
Indoor Play: Shih Tzus enjoy playtime indoors, whether it's with toys or interactive games like hide-and-seek.
Mental Stimulation: Shih Tzus can get bored easily, so offering them toys that challenge their minds, such as puzzle toys, is a good way to keep them entertained.

Training

Shih Tzus are intelligent dogs but can sometimes be a bit stubborn, making training a challenge. However, with patience and consistency, they can be trained to follow commands and behave well.

Positive Reinforcement: Shih Tzus respond best to positive reinforcement methods. Praise, treats, and rewards work wonders when training this breed.
Housebreaking: Like many small dogs, Shih Tzus can be tricky to housebreak. Consistency, patience, and a set routine are key to successfully potty training them.
Obedience Training: Basic obedience training should start early to instill good manners in your Shih Tzu. They can be taught commands like sit, stay, and come with proper motivation and repetition.

Grooming a Shih Tzu: Hair Care, Bathing, and Styling

Shih Tzus are known for their long, flowing coats, which require significant care. Without proper grooming, their hair can become tangled and matted.

Hair Care

Brushing: Daily brushing is essential to prevent tangles and matting. Use a slicker brush or comb designed for long-haired dogs.
Hair Trims: Regular trims help keep their coat manageable. Many pet owners opt for a "puppy cut" or "teddy bear cut," which keeps the hair short and easier to maintain.

Bathing

Frequency: Shih Tzus should be bathed every 3 to 4 weeks to keep their coats clean and healthy. Use a gentle dog shampoo and conditioner.
Drying: After bathing, carefully towel-dry their coat and use a blow dryer on a low setting. Leaving the coat damp can lead to skin irritation.

Hair Styles

Full Coat: Some Shih Tzus are kept in a full coat, which is long and flowing. This style is more common for show dogs.
Puppy Cut: A shorter, low-maintenance cut that keeps the hair close to the body, making grooming easier.
Top Knot: To keep the hair out of their eyes, many Shih Tzu owners tie their dog’s hair into a top knot, often secured with a bow.

Health Care for Shih Tzus: Common Health Issues

Shih Tzus are generally healthy dogs, but like all breeds, they are prone to certain health conditions.

Common Health Issues:

Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome: Due to their short snouts, Shih Tzus may have breathing difficulties, especially in hot or humid weather.
Eye Problems: Their large, prominent eyes are prone to issues such as corneal ulcers, cataracts, and progressive retinal atrophy (PRA).
Hip Dysplasia: While more common in larger breeds, some Shih Tzus may develop hip dysplasia, leading to arthritis in older age.
Dental Issues: Shih Tzus are prone to dental problems because of their small mouths. Regular teeth brushing is essential to prevent plaque buildup and dental disease.
Allergies: Shih Tzus can suffer from food or skin allergies. Regular vet visits and proper grooming can help manage these conditions.

Preventive Care

Veterinary Visits: Regular vet checkups are essential to keep your Shih Tzu healthy.
Weight Management: Shih Tzus are prone to weight gain, so it's important to monitor their diet and provide regular exercise.
Dental Hygiene: Brush your Shih Tzu’s teeth regularly and provide dental chews to maintain oral health.

Feeding Your Shih Tzu: A Balanced Diet for Optimal Health

Feeding your Shih Tzu a nutritious diet is crucial for their overall health and longevity. Shih Tzus can be picky eaters, so it’s important to choose a high-quality dog food that meets their nutritional needs.

Nutritional Needs

Protein: Shih Tzus need high-quality protein to support muscle development. Look for dog food that lists real meat (such as chicken or beef) as the first ingredient.
Fats: Healthy fats, like those found in fish oil, are essential for maintaining a healthy coat and skin.
Vitamins and Minerals: A balanced diet with the right vitamins and minerals supports immune health and overall well-being.

Feeding Tips

Portion Control: Shih Tzus are prone to obesity, so portion control is vital. Overfeeding can lead to joint problems, diabetes, and other health issues.
Feeding Schedule: It’s best to feed your Shih Tzu two to three small meals a day rather than one large meal, which helps with digestion and energy levels.
Healthy Snacks: Shih Tzus can enjoy small amounts of fruits like apples, blueberries, and watermelon as occasional treats.

Fun Facts About Shih Tzus: What Makes Them Special?

Ancient Companions: Shih Tzus were bred to be companions and served as lap dogs for Chinese royalty.
Royal Favorites: Empress Dowager Cixi of the Qing Dynasty was known to be particularly fond of Shih Tzus.
Great for Apartments: Their small size and moderate exercise needs make Shih Tzus ideal for apartment living.
Minimal Shedding: Despite their long coats, Shih Tzus are considered low-shedding dogs.
Stubborn but Smart: Shih Tzus can be a bit headstrong, but they respond well to positive reinforcement training.

FAQs About Shih Tzus

Do Shih Tzus make the worst dogs?

No, Shih Tzus are generally affectionate, friendly, and make wonderful companions. However, they require regular grooming and can be stubborn, which may be challenging for some owners.

How do you groom a Shih Tzu?

Grooming a Shih Tzu involves regular brushing, bathing every 3 to 4 weeks, trimming the coat, and maintaining a top knot to keep hair out of their eyes. Frequent grooming sessions are necessary to avoid matting.

How much are Shih Tzu puppies?

The cost of a Shih Tzu puppy can vary from $500 to $3,000 depending on the breeder, pedigree, and quality.

Are Shih Tzus hypoallergenic?

While Shih Tzus are considered to be low-shedding dogs, they are not completely hypoallergenic. People with mild allergies may tolerate them better than other breeds, but those with severe allergies should be cautious.

Are Shih Tzus smart?

Yes, Shih Tzus are intelligent dogs, but they can be stubborn. They are quick learners, especially with positive reinforcement training methods.

Are Shih Tzus easy to train?

Shih Tzus can be a bit challenging to train due to their independent nature, but with patience and consistent positive reinforcement, they can learn commands and good behavior.

Are Shih Tzus good with kids?

Yes, Shih Tzus are generally good with children. Their playful and friendly nature makes them excellent companions for families with young kids, though supervision is always recommended with very young children.

What fruits can Shih Tzus eat?

Shih Tzus can safely enjoy fruits like apples, blueberries, watermelon, and strawberries. Always avoid grapes, raisins, and any fruit with seeds or pits, as these can be toxic.

Will a Shih Tzu bite?

Shih Tzus are not known to be aggressive dogs, but any dog may bite if they feel threatened or scared. Proper training and socialization from a young age can prevent biting behavior.

Is a Shih Tzu a Good House Dog?

Yes, Shih Tzus make excellent house dogs. They are small, affectionate, and adaptable to various living environments, including apartments. Shih Tzus don't require a lot of exercise and are generally content with short walks and indoor playtime. Their friendly and social temperament makes them perfect companions for families, singles, and seniors.

Why is Shih Tzu Expensive?

Shih Tzus can be expensive due to several factors:

Breeding Costs: Responsible breeders invest in high-quality care, including health screenings for genetic disorders, vaccinations, and proper nutrition, which increases the cost of puppies.
Pedigree: Shih Tzus with a strong pedigree, show potential, or champion bloodlines often come with a higher price tag.
Demand: Shih Tzus are a popular breed, and their high demand can drive up prices.
Grooming Needs: Their long, luxurious coat requires regular grooming, which adds to their overall cost of ownership.

Does a Shih Tzu Bark a Lot?

Shih Tzus are not excessive barkers, but they do bark when they feel the need to alert their owners. They may bark at unfamiliar sounds, visitors, or when they are excited. However, with proper training and socialization, barking can be managed.

Conclusion: Shih Tzus – A Loyal and Loving Companion

Shih Tzus are charming, playful, and affectionate dogs that make wonderful pets for a variety of households. From their royal origins to their endearing personalities, these little dogs are beloved around the world. While they require regular grooming and attention to their health and diet, the love and loyalty they provide make them well worth the effort. Whether you're considering adding a Shih Tzu to your family or already have one, understanding their unique needs will ensure a long, happy life for your furry companion.