The Brussels Griffon, often called the "Griff," is a toy breed that originated in Brussels, Belgium. This dog is known for its monkey-like face, prominent eyes, and small size. Though it may look like a toy or lapdog, the Brussels Griffon is full of personality, with an alert, curious, and sometimes mischievous nature.
Brussels Griffon is a compact but sturdy breed. It is ideal for apartment living or homes with limited space. The breed's coat can be either rough or smooth, and its color ranges from red to black, with some variations in between. This breed is adored for its expressive face and the wide range of emotions it seems to display.
Although the Brussels Griffon is small, it has a big heart and forms strong bonds with its human companions. In this guide we will provide all information that will help you if you are a do owner, or you are thinking of having one.
History
The Brussels Griffon has a fascinating history that traces back to the 19th century in Belgium. Originally bred to catch rats in stables, the breed quickly became popular in the homes of the Belgian elite due to its charming appearance and endearing personality.
The Brussels Griffon is actually a result of crossbreeding several small dog breeds. Its ancestors include the Affenpinscher, Pug, and English Toy Spaniel. These dogs were crossbred to create a small, rat-catching dog that could also serve as a companion. Over time, the Brussels Griffon gained popularity in European countries, particularly among royalty and aristocracy.
Queen Marie Henriette of Belgium is credited with boosting the breed's popularity during the late 1800s. She adored the Brussels Griffon and helped promote it as a fashionable pet among the European elite. This contributed to the breed’s international recognition, eventually making its way to the United States, where it was recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1910.
Today, the Brussels Griffon is still admired for its unique appearance and endearing personality. Although no longer needed as a rat-catcher, the breed continues to thrive as a beloved companion dog.
Personality and Temperament
One of the most striking features of the Brussels Griffon is its big personality, which contrasts its small size. Known for being affectionate, sensitive, and intelligent, this breed forms strong bonds with its human companions. Brussels Griffons are often described as "velcro dogs" because they tend to stick close to their owners, following them from room to room and seeking constant companionship.
Affectionate and Loyal
The Brussels Griffon is highly affectionate and forms strong attachments to its family members. They crave attention and do not enjoy being left alone for long periods. In fact, separation anxiety can be an issue with this breed if left alone too often. Because of their deep bond with their owners, Brussels Griffons are known to be protective, sometimes acting as little watchdogs, alerting their family to any unfamiliar sounds or people.
Energetic and Playful
Despite their small size, Brussels Griffons are energetic dogs that enjoy playtime and mental stimulation. They love interactive toys, games of fetch, and other activities that keep them engaged. Although they are not as hyperactive as some other small breeds, they do need regular exercise and mental stimulation to stay happy.
Intelligent and Curious
Brussels Griffons are highly intelligent and curious dogs. This makes them easy to train, but it also means they can be a bit stubborn or mischievous at times. They are quick learners and respond well to positive reinforcement training methods. However, their intelligence also means they require mental stimulation to prevent boredom, which can lead to undesirable behaviors.
Sensitive and Alert
Brussels Griffons are very in tune with their owners' emotions and can be sensitive to changes in their environment or routines. They are alert dogs that are quick to notice anything unusual, making them excellent watchdogs despite their small size. However, their sensitivity also means they do not respond well to harsh training methods or loud scolding.
Physical & Characteristics
The Brussels Griffon is a small, compact dog with a distinct appearance that sets it apart from other toy breeds. Its most recognizable features are its large, expressive eyes, and its almost human-like face, often described as having a "monkey" or "griffin" expression.
Size and Weight
The Brussels Griffon typically stands 7 to 10 inches tall at the shoulder and weighs between 6 to 12 pounds. Despite their small stature, they are muscular and sturdy, with a balanced and compact build.
Coat Types
Brussels Griffons come in two different coat types: rough and smooth.
Rough-Coated Griffons: The rough coat is dense, wiry, and slightly longer, giving the dog a scruffy appearance. It requires more grooming to keep it free from mats and tangles, especially around the face and beard area.
Smooth-Coated Griffons: The smooth coat is short, straight, and lies close to the body. It is easier to maintain than the rough coat and requires less frequent grooming.
Colors
Brussels Griffons come in a variety of colors, including:
- Red: A solid reddish-brown color, which is one of the most common coat colors for this breed.
- Black: A deep, solid black color.
- Black and Tan: A combination of black with tan markings on the face, chest, and legs.
- Belge: A mix of black and reddish-brown hairs, giving the coat a dark, reddish-brown appearance.
Distinct Facial Features
The face of the Brussels Griffon is one of its most striking features. The breed is known for its large, dark eyes that give it an expressive, almost human-like expression. Its short, upturned nose and prominent chin contribute to its distinctive "monkey face" look. Rough-coated Brussels Griffons often have a beard and mustache, which adds to their expressive appearance.
The Cost of Owning a Brussels Griffon
Owning a Brussels Griffon involves various costs, starting with the initial purchase price or adoption fee and including ongoing expenses such as food, grooming, vet care, and supplies.
Initial Cost
Purchase price: A Brussels Griffon puppy from a reputable breeder typically costs between $1,000 and $3,000, though prices for puppies with champion bloodlines or those bred for show can exceed $4,000. It’s important to choose a breeder who screens for genetic health issues.
Adoption fee: If you adopt a Brussels Griffon from a rescue or shelter, the adoption fee ranges from $200 to $500.
Ongoing Costs
Food: Brussels Griffons are small dogs, so their food consumption is relatively low. Expect to spend around $20 to $40 per month on high-quality dog food, plus $5 to $15 per month on treats.
Grooming: Grooming needs depend on the coat type (rough or smooth). Rough-coated Griffons may require professional grooming every 6 to 8 weeks, costing $50 to $100 per session. Smooth-coated Griffons need less professional care, but at-home grooming supplies can cost between $50 and $100 initially.
Veterinary care: Routine vet visits, vaccinations, and flea/tick prevention can cost $200 to $500 per year. Brussels Griffons are generally healthy but may face issues like eye problems or patellar luxation, which could lead to additional medical expenses.
Training: Basic group training classes typically cost $100 to $300, while private sessions can range from $50 to $150 per hour.
Supplies: Initial supplies such as beds, crates, food bowls, and toys will cost $100 to $200, with annual replacements costing $50 to $100.
Pet services: If you need pet sitting, boarding, or dog walking services, costs can range from $25 to $50 per day for boarding and $15 to $30 per walk.
Total Annual Cost
The total annual cost of owning a Brussels Griffon can range from $1,000 to $2,500 depending on the services and level of care. Planning for unexpected expenses, such as medical treatments, can ensure you provide the best care for your dog.
Though Brussels Griffons require a financial commitment, their affectionate and loyal nature makes them a rewarding companion for those ready to invest in their well-being.
Grooming Requirements
Grooming needs for the Brussels Griffon depend on the coat type. Both rough-coated and smooth-coated Griffons require regular grooming, but the rough-coated variety tends to need more attention.
Brushing
Rough-Coated Griffons: Rough-coated Brussels Griffons require regular brushing, typically 2-3 times a week, to prevent mats and tangles from forming in their wiry coat. A slicker brush or a pin brush works well for this type of coat. Additionally, the rough coat may need hand-stripping, which involves plucking dead hairs by hand or with a stripping tool to maintain the texture and appearance of the coat.
Smooth-Coated Griffons: Smooth-coated Brussels Griffons are easier to maintain, requiring only occasional brushing to remove loose hair and keep the coat shiny. A soft-bristle brush is typically enough for grooming a smooth-coated Griffon.
Bathing
Brussels Griffons should be bathed as needed, typically once every 4-6 weeks or when they get particularly dirty. Use a gentle, dog-friendly shampoo to avoid irritating their sensitive skin.
Facial Grooming
Because of their prominent facial features, particularly the eyes and beard (in rough-coated Griffons), it’s important to keep the face clean and free from dirt and debris. Use a damp cloth to wipe the face regularly, and trim the hair around the eyes and mouth as needed to prevent irritation.
Nail Trimming and Ear Cleaning
Regular nail trimming is essential for Brussels Griffons, as their nails can grow quickly and become uncomfortable if left untrimmed. Check and clean their ears regularly to prevent wax buildup and infections, especially in rough-coated Griffons, whose ear hair may trap dirt.
Exercise Needs
Despite their small size, Brussels Griffons are energetic dogs that enjoy regular exercise. While they don’t require as much physical activity as larger breeds, daily walks and playtime are necessary to keep them healthy and happy.
Daily Walks
A daily walk of about 30 minutes is usually enough to meet the exercise needs of a Brussels Griffon. They are not particularly high-energy dogs, but they enjoy exploring their environment and interacting with other dogs and people.
Playtime and Mental Stimulation
In addition to walks, Brussels Griffons enjoy interactive playtime. Toys that challenge their intelligence, such as puzzle toys or treat-dispensing toys, are great for keeping them mentally stimulated. Indoor play sessions, like fetch or tug-of-war, are also good ways to burn off some energy.
Dog Parks and Socialization
Brussels Griffons are social dogs that enjoy interacting with other animals and people. Visits to the dog park or playdates with other dogs can be a great way to keep them mentally and physically engaged. However, supervision is important, as their small size makes them more vulnerable to injury during rough play with larger dogs.
Training a Brussels Griffon
Training a Brussels Griffon can be a rewarding experience due to their intelligence and eagerness to please. However, they can also be independent and stubborn at times, so patience and consistency are key.
Positive Reinforcement
Brussels Griffons respond well to positive reinforcement training methods, such as praise, treats, and play. Harsh or punitive training methods are not effective with this breed, as they are sensitive and may become fearful or anxious if scolded too harshly.
Socialization
Early socialization is crucial for Brussels Griffons, especially given their sometimes cautious or aloof nature with strangers. Exposing them to different environments, people, and other animals from a young age will help them become well-adjusted, confident dogs.
House Training
House training a Brussels Griffon can take some time, as they are small dogs with small bladders. Consistency and patience are important during the house-training process. Crate training can be a useful tool for housebreaking, as it helps the dog learn to control its bladder.
Trick Training and Agility
Brussels Griffons are quick learners and enjoy activities that challenge their minds. Trick training and agility exercises can be a fun way to engage with your dog and provide mental stimulation. Their small size makes them well-suited to agility courses designed for toy breeds.
Feeding and Nutrition
A well-balanced diet is essential for maintaining the health and well-being of your Brussels Griffon. Like all dogs, they require high-quality food that meets their nutritional needs.
Portion Sizes
Because Brussels Griffons are small dogs, they do not need large portions of food. On average, an adult Brussels Griffon will eat about 1/2 to 1 cup of high-quality dog food per day, divided into two meals. Puppies may require more frequent feedings.
Nutritional Needs
Look for a dog food that provides a balance of protein, fat, and carbohydrates, with meat as the primary ingredient. Brussels Griffons may benefit from foods formulated for small breeds, as these are often higher in calories to meet their energy needs.
Weight Management
Brussels Griffons can be prone to weight gain if overfed or not given enough exercise. Monitor your dog's weight and adjust their portion sizes if necessary. Obesity can lead to various health problems, including joint issues and diabetes, so it's important to keep your Brussels Griffon at a healthy weight.
Health
Brussels Griffons are generally healthy dogs, but like all breeds, they can be prone to certain health issues. It's important to be aware of these potential problems and work with a reputable breeder who screens for genetic conditions.
Common Health Issues
Hip Dysplasia: Although more common in larger breeds, some Brussels Griffons can be affected by hip dysplasia, a condition where the hip joint doesn’t fit properly into the socket.
Patellar Luxation: This is a common issue in small dogs, where the kneecap can slip out of place, causing discomfort and limping.
Eye Problems: Due to their large, prominent eyes, Brussels Griffons can be prone to eye problems such as cataracts, corneal ulcers, and progressive retinal atrophy.
Respiratory Issues: Brussels Griffons can experience breathing difficulties, especially if they have a shorter nose. This is known as brachycephalic syndrome and can make hot weather or strenuous exercise more challenging for them.
Dental Issues: Small breeds like the Brussels Griffon are more prone to dental problems, including tartar buildup, gum disease, and tooth decay. Regular dental care is essential.
Lifespan
Brussels Griffons have a relatively long lifespan for a small breed, living an average of 12 to 15 years. With proper care, including regular vet visits, a healthy diet, and appropriate exercise, your Brussels Griffon can live a long, happy life.
Fun Facts About the Brussels Griffon
"Ewok" Inspiration: The Brussels Griffon’s expressive face and scruffy appearance are said to have inspired the look of the Ewoks in the "Star Wars" movies.
A Star in Hollywood: A Brussels Griffon named Verdell starred in the movie "As Good as It Gets" alongside Jack Nicholson, helping to boost the breed's popularity.
Royal Connections: Queen Marie Henriette of Belgium was an avid fan of the Brussels Griffon and helped popularize the breed among European nobility.
Many Names: The Brussels Griffon is known by different names depending on the coat type. The Griffon Bruxellois refers to the rough-coated variety, while the Petit Brabançon refers to the smooth-coated variety.
FAQs
1. How much does a Brussels Griffon cost?
The cost of a Brussels Griffon puppy from a reputable breeder typically ranges from $1,000 to $3,000, but show-quality puppies or those with champion bloodlines can cost over $4,000. Adoption fees from shelters or rescues are lower, usually between $200 to $500.
2. Are Brussels Griffons good family pets?
Yes, Brussels Griffons can be great family pets, especially for families with older children. They are affectionate, loyal, and enjoy being close to their human companions. However, due to their small size and sensitive nature, they may not be the best match for homes with very young children who might accidentally handle them roughly.
3. Do Brussels Griffons get along with other pets?
Brussels Griffons generally get along well with other dogs, especially when socialized early. They can also coexist with cats, though their strong prey drive might prompt them to chase smaller animals. Proper introductions and early socialization are key to building a harmonious multi-pet household.
4. Are Brussels Griffons easy to train?
Brussels Griffons are intelligent and can be trained with consistency and positive reinforcement. They enjoy mental challenges but can be stubborn at times. Patience is important, and using treats, praise, and play as rewards will yield the best results.
5. How much exercise does a Brussels Griffon need?
Despite their small size, Brussels Griffons are active dogs that need regular exercise. A daily walk, along with playtime, should suffice to keep them healthy and happy. They are agile and enjoy activities like agility training or playing fetch, which also keeps them mentally stimulated.
6. Do Brussels Griffons bark a lot?
Brussels Griffons can be vocal, especially if they are bored or under-stimulated. However, with proper training and adequate mental and physical exercise, their barking can be managed. They may bark to alert their owners of strangers or unusual noises, making them good watchdogs despite their small size.
7. What health problems are common in Brussels Griffons?
Common health issues in Brussels Griffons include hip dysplasia, patellar luxation (dislocated kneecaps), eye problems like cataracts and corneal ulcers, and respiratory issues due to their flat faces. Regular vet check-ups and choosing a responsible breeder who screens for these problems can help mitigate health risks.
8. How long do Brussels Griffons live?
Brussels Griffons have a relatively long lifespan for a small breed, typically living between 12 to 15 years. With proper care, including regular vet visits, a healthy diet, and appropriate exercise, they can enjoy a long, happy life.
9. Do Brussels Griffons require a lot of grooming?
Grooming needs depend on whether your Brussels Griffon has a rough or smooth coat. Rough-coated Griffons require regular brushing and professional grooming every 6 to 8 weeks to maintain their scruffy appearance. Smooth-coated Griffons are easier to groom at home, with less frequent brushing and occasional baths.
10. Are Brussels Griffons hypoallergenic?
Brussels Griffons are not hypoallergenic, but their low-shedding coats may be easier for some allergy sufferers to tolerate compared to high-shedding breeds. However, no dog breed is truly hypoallergenic, and individuals with allergies should spend time with a Brussels Griffon before bringing one home to see if they react.
11. Can Brussels Griffons live in apartments?
Yes, Brussels Griffons are well-suited to apartment living due to their small size and relatively low exercise needs. However, they still need daily walks and mental stimulation to prevent boredom. They are known to bond closely with their owners and may suffer from separation anxiety if left alone for long periods.
12. How often should I feed my Brussels Griffon?
Brussels Griffons should be fed twice a day, with portion sizes appropriate for their small size. Adult Brussels Griffons generally eat about 1/2 to 1 cup of high-quality dog food per day, split between two meals. Puppies may require more frequent feedings. Consult your vet for specific feeding recommendations based on your dog’s age, size, and activity level.
13. Are Brussels Griffons good for first-time dog owners?
Brussels Griffons can be a good choice for first-time dog owners if they are willing to invest time in training and socialization. While the breed is affectionate and loyal, they can be stubborn and may need a patient owner. Their grooming needs, especially for rough-coated Griffons, may also require extra attention.
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